>> HELLO EVERYONE AND WELCOME TO AMANPOUR & CO.

, HERE'S WHAT'S COMING UP.

>> WE WILL NOT GIVE A CHANCE FOR PUTIN TO WIN THE WAR.

>> THE UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT TELLS ME WHETHER HE CAN STILL COUNT ON AMERICA AS HE FIGHTS FOR HIS COUNTRY SURVIVAL THEN -- >> FROM INDIA TO ALBANIA, WE LOOK AT WHAT'S BEHIND THE GEN Z LED PROTESTS ROCKING ALMOST EVERY CORNER OF THE GLOBE.

> >> ONE IN 1 MILLION, TRACING THE LIFE OF A SYRIAN REFUGEE AS SHE GOES FROM GIRL TO WOMAN, FILMMAKERS JOIN HARI SREENIVASAN.

> >> AMANPOUR & COMPANY IS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE ANDERSON FAMILY ENDOWMENT, JIM ATTWOOD AND LESLIE WILLIAMS, CANDACE KING WEIR, CHARLES ROSENBLUM, MONIQUE SCHOEN WARSHAW, THE SYLVIA A. AND SIMON B. POYTA PROGRAMMING ENDOWMENT TO FIGHT ANTISEMITISM , THE STRAUS FAMILY FOUNDATION , THE PETER G PETERSON AND JOAN GANZ COONEY FUND , KOO AND PATRICIA YUEN, COMMITTED TO BRIDGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN OUR COMMUNITY, CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR .

AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU, THANK YOU.

> >> WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM EVERYONE, I'M CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR IN LONDON .

WHEN VOLODYMYR ZELENSKYY, A COMEDIAN WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE IN 2019, HE LIKELY COULD NEVER HAVE IMAGINED SEVEN YEARS LATER HE WOULD BE A SEASONED WARTIME LEADER DEFENDING HIS COUNTRY AGAINST THE AGGRESSIVE AND RUTHLESS RUSSIAN PRESIDENT VLADIMIR PUTIN.

BUT THIS IS THE COLD REALITY FOR HIM NOW, HEADING INTO YET ANOTHER WINTER OF WAR, A POSSIBLE MAKE OR BREAK MOMENT FOR UKRAINE AND JUST WHEN ZELENSKYY NEEDS HIS STRONGEST PARTNER, THE UNITED STATES, THE MOST, THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION APPEARS TO BE COZYING UP TO THE KREMLIN.

SPECIAL ENVOY STEVE WITKOFF CALLED FLAT PUTIN A HUMANITARIAN YESTERDAY, THE WHITE HOUSE HAS INVITED HIM TO THE G 20 AND THAT TRUMP DIESEL DEAL WITH PUTIN HAS ANGERED MANY REPUBLICANS AND AMERICAN ALLIES ABROAD.

IT'S A CRITICAL TIME FOR UKRAINE AND PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY HAS BEEN INCREASINGLY VOCAL ABOUT WHAT HE FEELS IS A USB TRAIL AND IS CAUGHT BETWEEN THE DEVIL OF A CONUNDRUM.

HE SAYS, IT'LL BE MUCH HARDER FOR UKRAINE TO SURVIVE WITHOUT AMERICAN HELP.

NOW, AS THE UNITED STATES IS FLOATING ANOTHER ROUND OF TRILATERAL TALKS, ZELENSKYY MADE A HEARTFELT PLEA WHEN HE JOINED ME FROM KYIV.

>> PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY, WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM FROM KYIV.

>> THANK YOU SO MUCH, HAPPY TO SEE YOU.

>> THIS IS AN INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT MOMENT, ALL OF A SUDDEN, IT LOOKS LIKE TALKS MAY BE GETTING UNDERWAY AGAIN.

IN OSLO, YOU MET WITH THE US DELEGATION, THE NEGOTIATORS PARTICULARLY MR.

STEVE WITKOFF.

>> YES, AND I SAID, LOOK, WE CAN CALL IT A CEASE-FIRE, WE CAN CALL IT, STOP THE KILLINGS, WE CAN CALL IT FREEZE THE CONFLICT, THE ONLY THING THAT'S IMPORTANT, NOT THE ITEM, THE RESULT, WE HAVE TO MOVE FROM THE WAR, WE HAVE TO MOVE TO A DIPLOMATIC WAY, HOW TO GET PEACE.

YOU KNOW?

AT THAT BEGINNING, PRESIDENT TRUMP PROPOSED, UNCONDITIONAL CEASE-FIRE AND WE SUPPORT IT, RUSSIA DOESN'T, DIDN'T, SORRY, THEN PRESIDENT TRUMP MOVED TO STOP THE KILLINGS AND WE SUPPORTED IT AND RUSSIA IS CONTINUING TO KILL US EACH DAY AND EVERY DAY AND TODAY WE HAD A BALLISTIC ATTACK AND THEN THEY SAID MAYBE, IT'S NOT ABOUT THE NAME, THE RESULT, STOP THE KILLING, CEASE-FIRE AND HAVE STRONG SECURITY GUARANTEES BECAUSE THIS IS IMPORTANT, THE MOST IMPORTANT THING, SECURITY GUARANTEES, SECURITY PIECE, NOT TO GIVE ANY CHANCE FOR RUSSIA FOR PUTIN OR OTHER PUTIN'S, WHO WILL BE IN THE FUTURE, I DON'T KNOW, TO COME BACK TO UKRAINE AND KILL OUR PEOPLE.

>> MR.

PRESIDENT CAN I ASK YOU BECAUSE SECRETARY RUBIO YOU ALSO HAVE SPOKEN TO TOLD REPORTERS YESTERDAY THAT AS YOU SAY, THE FIGHT IS OVER A LOT OF THE TERRITORY STILL, CONCENTRATED ON WHAT HAPPENS TO THE REMAINDER OF THE DONBAS REGION.

>> FIRST OF ALL, ARE LINED -- LAND IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE OF ALL THE PEOPLE, IT'S NOT ABOUT KILOMETERS.

JUST TO REMIND EVERYBODY NOW, ABOUT 19.

5, EVEN 19.

4 IS TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED, NOT 25, 70, AND ETC.

, THIS IS IMPORTANT.

MORE IMPORTANT, IT'S ABOUT PEOPLE.

AND A LOT OF PEOPLE DIED, DEFENDING THIS LAND, DEFENDING OUR INDEPENDENCE.

A PART OF DONBAS , IT'S A PART OF OUR COUNTRY, AND IT'S TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED SO NO ONE WILL RECOGNIZE THESE, I THINK RUSSIA UNDERSTAND IT.

IT'S A PITY IF SOMEBODY DOESN'T BUT IT'S UP TO THEM, FOR ME, WHAT IS IMPORTANT, TO SPEAK VERY CLEARLY, SO, STOP THE KILLINGS, CEASE-FIRE OR A FREEZE IN THE DIPLOMATIC WAY OF NEGOTIATIONS, IF PUTIN WAS -- WHAT STEVE TOLD ME NOT ONCE, JARED, AND OTHER PEOPLE, THEY KNOW MY ATTITUDE AND IF THEY WANT TO TALK ABOUT OUR TERRITORIES, RUSSIANS OR RUSSIANS WITH, OF AMERICANS, THEY HAVE TO KNOW THAT THEY WILL SPEAK DIRECTLY WITH ME.

IT'S MY RESPONSIBILITY -- >> MR.

PRESIDENT, MR.

PRESIDENT , YEAH, SO NO TALKS ABOUT UKRAINE WITHOUT UKRAINE AS YOU'VE SAID MANY TIMES.

DO YOU TRUST RIGHT NOW THAT EVEN IF, YOU KNOW, REAL SECURITY GUARANTEES ARE PUT ON THE TABLE, THAT THE U. S. , THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION WOULD ACTUALLY COME TO BE ABLE TO IMPOSE THOSE SECURITY GUARANTEES IF THERE WAS ANOTHER THREAT BY PUTIN?

>> I THINK THAT WHAT IS IMPORTANT, THE AMERICAN SIDE PROPOSED GUARANTEED, AND OF COURSE I SAID IT'S BETTER FOR ALL OF US TO HAVE STRONG SECURITY GUARANTEES BECAUSE IT SIGNALS TO RUSSIA ALL OF US HAVE TO TRUST THE SECURITY GUARANTEES.

FOR ME, IT'S VERY IMPORTANT, NOT ONLY TO HAVE STRONG SECURITY GUARANTEES FROM THE UNITED STATES, FOR ME IS VERY IMPORTANT, THAT RUSSIA WILL NOW THAT UKRAINE HAS STRONG SECURITY GUARANTEES FROM THERE STRATEGIC PARTNERS BECAUSE RUSSIA, IN THIS WAY WILL NOT THINK AGAIN TO COME WITH OCCUPATION BECAUSE IT CAN BE DANGEROUS FOR THEM.

>> MR.

PRESIDENT, OBVIOUSLY THERE'S BEEN A LOT OF SPOTLIGHT ON THAT LATEST RUPTURE IN YOUR RELATIONSHIP WITH PRESIDENT TRUMP.

HE IS BLAMING YOU, YOU ARE SAYING THAT HE'S ON THE WRONG SIDE OF HISTORY WITH THAT DIESEL DEAL FOR RUSSIA.

ARE YOU STEPPING BACK FROM THAT PERSONAL CRITICISM?

HAVE YOU BEEN, YOU KNOW, ADVISED THAT THIS MIGHT NOT BE THE BEST WAY TO BE PUBLIC ABOUT IT, SINCE YOU NEED AMERICAN HELP, WHAT ARE YOU FEELING RIGHT NOW ABOUT THIS RELATIONSHIP?

>> SO, WE HAVE OUR PARTNERS, AND IT'S UNITED STATES, AND WE NEED TO HAVE STRONG RELATIONS WITH THE ADMINISTRATION, WITH CONGRESS, AND WE NEED BIPARTISAN SUPPORT AND THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT'S NOT ABOUT PERSONALITIES, I HOPE THAT'S THE CASE OF THE FUTURE BECAUSE WE SHARE THE SAME VALUES AND I THINK THAT WE WILL BE IN THE SAME SECURITY ALLIANCE.

UKRAINE, CAN HELP NATO AND BE A MEMBER IT'S BETTER, BUT ALSO IT'S IMPORTANT FOR NATO TO HAVE UKRAINE, I THINK SO.

AND OF COURSE, MY OPINION, MY ATTITUDE TO PUTIN IS VERY CLEAR, I THINK IF THEY LIFT SANCTIONS, IT WILL MAKE THEM STRONGER.

IT'S NOT SOMETHING PERSONAL BETWEEN ME AND PRESIDENT TRUMP.

I'M AGAINST ANY LIFTING OF SANCTIONS.

I SENT IT TO EUROPEAN PARTNERS AND I SAID IT DIRECTLY TO THE AMERICAN ADMINISTRATION AND I OF COURSE, I KNOW WHAT I DO, I HAVE TO STRENGTHEN ME, MY COUNTRY, MY PEOPLE, MY ARMY, BUT NOT MY ENEMY.

THIS IS VERY CLEAR AND FAIR BETWEEN US.

THAT'S WHY I KNOW, IF YOU GIVE SOMETHING TO PUTIN, HE WILL NEED EVERYTHING, HE WILL WANT EVERYTHING AND WILL NOT COME DOWN.

THAT'S WHY I THINK, THESE SANCTIONS, THAT'S THE FIRST STEP, I HOPE IT WILL STOP ON IT AND IT CAN'T BE NEW LIFTING OF SANCTIONS AND IT'LL ONLY GIVE MUCH MORE MONEY FOR PUTIN FOR THIS WAR AND THAT'S WHAT I'M AGAINST IT AND IT DOESN'T MATTER HOW MANY PEOPLE WILL SPEAK WITH ME ABOUT MY MESSAGES, RHETORIC, I MEAN, WHAT MATTERS?

WHO'S ON THE RIGHT SIDE WAS ABOUT ME AND MY COUNTRY, WE ARE ON THE RIGHT SIDE.

OUR PARTNERS WHO SUPPORT US ON THE RIGHT SIDE, AMERICANS ON THE RIGHT SIDE.

FREEDOM, I HAVE TO SPEAK ABOUT IT.

>> MR.

PRESIDENT, CAN YOU TELL ME ABOUT THE CONTROVERSY OVER INTELLIGENCE SHARING OVER STAR LINK?

CAN YOU TELL ME, WHAT IS THE SITUATION NOW WITH INTELLIGENCE SHARING AND THE MUSK OWNED STAR LINK, YOU KNOW, QUALITY THAT YOU NEED THERE?

>> YEAH, OF COURSE.

SO, AS I SAID YESTERDAY BY THE WAY, OR DAY BEFORE, WE HAD A CONVERSATION BY PHONE WITH SECRETARY RUBIO AND WE SPOKE ABOUT THESE TOPICS AND I SAID WE HAVE REAL PROBLEMS WITH INTELLIGENCE.

VERY SENSITIVE INFORMATION, IT'S EARLY WARNING, YES, WHEN YOU KNOW THAT RUSSIA USES BALLISTIC, WE NEED TO GIVE A SIGNAL TO OUR OPERATION TO CIVILIANS TO GO QUICKLY, AS QUICK AS POSSIBLE TO BOMB SHELTERS.

IT'S ALL ABOUT LIVES.

THAT'S WHY WE SPOKE ABOUT IT.

THAT WAS POINT NUMBER ONE, NOW, INTELLIGENCE WORKS.

WHY WE RAISED THIS TOPIC?

BECAUSE WE KNOW HOW IT WORKS AND THIS IS A BIG CHALLENGE AND A DANGER THAT WE DIDN'T GET ANY, WE DIDN'T GET THIS MESSAGE, THAT'S WHY IT WAS SO DANGEROUS FOR US AND I ASKED, PLEASE, GIVE US INTELLIGENCE BACK AND IT WORKS NOW, THANKS TO SECRETARY, CONGRESS, PRESIDENT, I DON'T KNOW WHO DID IT, I REALLY DON'T KNOW AND ON WHAT LEVEL BUT IT CAME BACK.

THEN START SHIELD, IT'S A MILITARY VERSION OF STARLINK .

WE USE THESE SYMPTOMS -- SYSTEMS AND WE ARE THANKFUL TO GOVERNMENT AND SPACEX.

I'M THANKFUL TO EUROPEANS WHO PAID FOR THIS, SO ONE NIGHT, CAN YOU IMAGINE ALL THE DRONES WILL BE USED AND I WILL EXPLAIN WHY IT'S SO IMPORTANT BUT ALL THE DRONES BEGIN TO BE SLOWED AND IT WAS NOT A TECHNICAL PROBLEM BECAUSE IT STILL DOESN'T WORK.

BUT IT WAS LIMITED AND A LITTLE BIT INCREASED THE SPEED, SOME DAYS AFTER ALL THIS NOISE, BUT, NOW WE ARE STILL LIMITED.

WHY IS IT SO IMPORTANT?

I GAVE THE EXAMPLE WITH NEW GENERATIONS OF DRONES, RUSSIA NOW PRODUCES THEM.

SO, THESE DRONES ATTACKED OUR SCHOOLS, UNIVERSITIES, REGIONS AND OF COURSE, ENERGY.

EVERYTHING THAT YOU SEE, AND WE FOUND A WAY HOW TO DESTROY THESE URANIAN DRONES, AND WAS A UNIQUE THING, AFTER ALL THESE MASSIVE ATTACKS AND IT WAS OUR INTERCEPTORS, DRONES, WHICH ARE USED BY'S STARLINK AND WHEN THE DRONE GOES WITH STARLINK, 450 KILOMETERS AND ONE NIGHT, DECREASED TO 70 OR EVEN 100, YOU CANNOT DESTROY ANYTHING.

AND THIS IS TERRIBLE.

>> WHO DO YOU THINK DID IT?

>> I DON'T KNOW, TECHNICALLY, I THINK SPACEX BUT THE DECISION COMES BY THEMSELVES OR FROM SOME INSTITUTIONS, I DON'T KNOW, IT'S NOT CLEAR FOR ME, BUT TECHNICALLY -- >> OKAY, OKAY.

IS IT UP TO SPEED, I DON'T UNDERSTAND, IS IT BACK UP TO SPEED OR NOT?

>> NO.

WE HAD ENOUGH SPEED TO DESTROY 400, 500 KILOMETERS PER HOUR, NOW WE HAD MAXIMUM 100 MILES.

AND IT'S VERY IMPORTANT -- >> YOU KNOW, YOU KNOW MR.

-- >> IT'S NOT ABOUT THE DRONES, WHICH YOU CAN USE ON RUSSIAN TERRITORY.

IT'S NOT ABOUT DEEP STRIKES.

YOU CAN'T SAY THAT, AND UKRAINIANS ATTACK REFINERIES OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT AND THAT'S WHY WE LIMITED IT.

NO.

NO.

WE DON'T ATTACK ANY RUSSIAN ENERGY GRIDS USING STARLINK.

NEVER.

THAT'S WHY I ASKED PRESIDENT TRUMP AND WE ASKED SPACEX .

I CAN EXPLAIN TO EVERYBODY, TO UNDERSTAND, WE ARE RESPONDING, WE REALLY WANTED TO GET THE HELP BECAUSE AFTER ATTACKS ON OUR CIVILIAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENERGY, WE DIDN'T HAVE ENOUGH MISSILES, SO THE ONLY ONE WAY IS TO BLOCK RUSSIAN LAUNCHES OF BALLISTIC MISSILES, HOW CAN YOU BLOCK THEM?

YOU CAN DESTROY THEIR LUNCHES, USING STARLINK OR SOMETHING SIMILAR.

THIS IS THE ONLY THING WE ASK .

BUT THEY NEVER GAVE US THIS, AMERICANS, NEVER GAVE US THIS POSSIBILITY.

THAT'S WHY IT WAS STRANGE THAT THEY LIMITED US IN UKRAINE .

IT HAS LIMITED OUR POSSIBILITY.

>> MY FINAL QUESTION, CLEARLY PRESIDENT PUTIN THINKS THAT THIS WINTER, HE IS GOING TO BREAK THE BACK OF UKRAINIAN RESISTANCE BOTH MORALE, AND ON THE FRONT LINE AND MAYBE WITH THESE NEGOTIATIONS.

WHAT IS THE RISK FOR YOU, FOR THE CIVILIANS, FOR THE INTEGRITY OF UKRAINE THIS COMING WINTER ?

AND WHAT DID YOU THINK ABOUT STEVE WITKOFF CALLING PUTIN A HUMANITARIAN I GUESS, FOR RELEASING THE 74- YEAR-OLD AMERICAN?

>> YEAH, SO, OF COURSE PUTIN WANTS TO CONTINUE THIS WAR.

OF COURSE THE AMERICAN SIDE CAN STOP HIM.

OF COURSE, THE AMERICAN SIDE CAN DO IT BECAUSE OF DIFFERENT REASONS, PUTIN DOESN'T WANT IT, ETC.

, THAT'S WHAT I HEAR FROM NEGOTIATORS AND STEVE AND JARED AND PRESIDENT, THAT THEY WANT TO END THIS WAR.

AND IF THEY CAN'T STOP HIM AND I HOPE THAT THEY WILL, I HOPE WE HAVE SOME SUCCESS BECAUSE THE LAST MEETINGS IN NORWAY WERE PRODUCTIVE BUT PUTIN IS PLAYING, YOU KNOW, HE'S A PLAYER, SO , IT'S A PITY THAT HE PLAYS WITH THE LIVES OF OTHER PEOPLE.

OF COURSE HE DOESN'T WANT TO IT'S WHAT WE WANTED WAS NOT TO GIVE HIM POSSIBILITY, BE STRONGER AND BREAK US, WE NEED TO NOT GIVE HIM ADDITIONAL MONEY AND SECONDLY, TO GIVE US PETROL MISSILES.

WE HAVE NOW FROM EUROPEAN SOME NUMBER AND IT'S NOT ENOUGH TO DEFEND OURSELVES BECAUSE OUR ENERGY SYSTEM IS UNDER ATTACK, AND BRIDGES, THE SEPARATION OF RUSSIA, THEY WANT TO DESTROY ALL THE BRIDGES.

WHAT IS IMPORTANT?

YES, TO UNDERSTAND THE GOAL OF PUTIN, BREAK US, DESTROY US, KILL US.

THAT'S WHY WE HOPE THAT THE AMERICAN ADMINISTRATION AND NEGOTIATORS AND CONGRESS, THEY KNOW IT, THEY UNDERSTAND IT, THEY WILL SUPPORT US, BY THE WAY IT'S NOT TOO MUCH, AND WE PAY FOR THESE MISSILES, WE ARE ASKING, I KNOW THEY ARE FOCUSING ON THIS BUT EVERYBODY, ALL THE LEADERS, WE SEE WHAT WE CAN GET FROM THE AMERICAN SIDE, WE UNDERSTAND, WE DON'T WANT TO PREPARE --COMPARE, WE JUST ASK THEM NOT TO FORGET ABOUT US.

WE ARE THANKFUL FOR ALL THE SUPPORT WE ARE ASKING FOR CRITICAL, IMPORTANT THINGS, IF ENERGY CEASE-FIRE IS NOT SUPPORTED BY THE RUSSIAN SIDE, AND WE ARE ASKING IF IT'S POSSIBLE TO GIVE US THE SHIELD WITH NORMAL SPEED TO DEFEND OURSELVES GREAT, IF NOT, WE WILL SURVIVE AND WE WILL STAY STRONG.

WE WILL TRY TO DO IT AND WE WILL DO EVERYTHING TO BRING PEACE CLOSER BUT WE WILL NOT GIVE A CHANCE FOR PUTIN TO WIN THIS WAR.

>> PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY, THANK YOU FOR JOINING US AT THIS DIFFICULT TIME.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> NEXT TO EUROPE WHERE PROTESTS AND UNREST HAVE SWEPT SEVERAL COUNTRIES, DRIVEN IN LARGE PART BY DISAFFECTED YOUTH, AND FRANCE, WEEKS OF PROTESTS OVER UNDERFUNDED SCHOOLS HAVE ROCKED THE NATION LEADING TO WRITING THIS PAST WEEKEND AND AN UNCERTAIN RESPONSE FROM PRESIDENT McRONE, AND ITALY, PEOPLE HAVE TAKEN TO THE STREETS OVER THE COST OF LIVING AND AFTER SOME PROTEST BECAME VIOLENT, THE GOVERNMENT APPROVED THE DEPLOYMENT OF TROOPS TO MILAN, INCREASED PENALTIES AND EXPANDED POWERS FOR DETAINING TEENAGERS , AND ALBANIA, STUDENT LED PROTESTS HAVE GONE ON FOR MORE THAN A WEEK, CLASHING WITH POLICE AS PEOPLE DEMAND BETTER EDUCATION AND AN END TO CORRUPTION AND IN SERBIA THIS WEEKEND ELECTIONS COULD SEE A GEN Z LED MOVEMENT FINALLY DEFEAT THE LONGTIME LEADER AND NATIONALIST ALEXANDER, AND THEN THERE IS INDIA, THE MOST POPULOUS DEMOCRACY TAKING IT'S VOTING RIGHTS DEMAND TO THE STREETS, TOO, SO WHY ARE YOUNG PEOPLE TURNING OUT IN SUCH NUMBERS NOW, AND WHAT UNITES THEIR CAUSES.

MARIANNA IS THE ALBANIAN MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT WHO WAS ELECTED LAST YEAR BEFORE THE PRIME MINISTER THIS SUMMER, TO JOIN THE STREET PROTESTS AND CATHERINE IS A LONGTIME JOURNALIST FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES AND NOW THE CURRENT AUTHOR OF THE WORLD NEWSLETTER.

BOTH OF YOU, WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM.

CAN I JUST ASK YOU, BECAUSE YOU BEEN WRITING A LOT ABOUT THIS, CERTAINLY IN FRANCE AND ELSEWHERE, WE SORT OF LAID OUT WITH THE GENESIS OF THESE PROTESTS WERE.

WHAT HAS IT DEVELOPED INTO, HOW DO YOU READ THE CURRENT STATE OF THESE PROTESTS AND IN FACT THERE'S ANOTHER BIG ONE SCHEDULED FOR THIS WEEKEND ?

>> YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT THE FRENCH ONES ARE THE PROTESTS IN GENERAL?

>> THE FRENCH ONES TO START WITH.

>> THERE'S CURFEWS, THEY'RE REALLY WORRIED ABOUT IT BECAUSE THESE YOUNG PEOPLE HAVE POLITICAL POWER.

THEY ARE DISRUPTING THINGS AND THE FACT IS THAT WE ARE IN A SITUATION IN FRANCE WHERE THE GOVERNMENT DOES NOT HAVE MUCH TO OFFER ANYBODY, REALLY, ANYMORE BECAUSE AT THE SAME TIME THAT YOU'VE SEEN THIS UNREST UNFOLD YOU HAVE A DEBT CRISIS IN THE MAKING WHERE THERE'S VERY LITTLE MONEY.

AND OF COURSE YOU HAVE A PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN SIX MONTHS TIME.

YOU ARE SEEING NOW THAT THE FAR RIGHT NATIONAL RALLY IS PROBABLY GOING TO GET MOMENTUM FROM THIS.

YOU HAVE THE FAR LEFT, EQUALLY SORT OF INSTRUMENTAL IN THESE PROTESTS AND BEING ON THE SIDE OF THE YOUNG PROTESTERS AND THE POLITICAL CENTER HAS REALLY NOTHING TO OFFER TO THE YOUNG PROTESTERS BUT YOU KNOW THE BIGGER POINT TO MAKE ABOUT FRANCE AND SOME OF THE OTHER PROTESTS THAT WE'VE SEEN IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IS YOUNG PEOPLE ARE KIND OF SHRINKING DEMOCRATIC IN THIS IS A CONFLICT BECAUSE ALL PEOPLE HAVE BEEN HOGGING A LOT OF THE RESOURCES IN THESE VERY STRETCHED GOVERNMENT BUDGETS, 25% OF THE FRENCH BUDGET GOES TO PENSIONS AND IT'S RISING AS OUR SOCIETY AGES.

SO THIS CONFLICT I WOULD SAY IS A PART OF WHAT WE ARE SEEING IN EUROPE.

IT'S DIFFERENT FROM THE PROTESTS IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH.

>> LET'S TALK ABOUT BEFORE WE GET TO THE GLOBAL SOUTH, LET ME ASK YOU, WHAT IS DRIVING THIS, ANYTHING SPECIFIC OR IS IT BROADER, WHAT IS DRIVING THE PROTESTS ON THE STREETS AND ALBANIA?

>> THE PROTESTS THAT HAVE STARTED WITH THE STUDENTS AND ALBANIA IS MUCH MORE THAN EDUCATION, IT'S A COMBINATION OF WEAK GOVERNANCE, STRONG PARTIES AND INSTITUTIONS NOT FUNCTIONING.

STARTED MORE THAN FOUR MONTHS AGO IN A PEACEFUL WAY, AND DURING THAT TIME THEY HAVE CALLED UPON THE GOVERNMENT FOR REFLECTION .

IN REGARD TO THESE PROTESTS, THEY HAVE A COMPLETE LACK OF TRANSPARENCY FROM THE INSTITUTIONS.

A FURTHER ESCALATION, IT WAS WARNED BEFORE IT HAPPENED AND WE HAVE SEEN IT HAPPEN FOR ONE WEEK AND THE DEMANDS OF THE STUDENTS, WHAT IT IS, COURSE FOR A BETTERMENT OF DEMOCRACY, SINCE THE RECENT YEARS, WE HAVE FACED A MASSIVE DRAIN FROM STUDENTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE OF OUR COUNTRY, BEING FORCED TO LEAVE BECAUSE OF CORRUPTION AND MERITOCRACY IN OUR COUNTRY.

SO IT'S NOT SOMETHING ONLY ABOUT EDUCATION , I WOULDN'T SAY THAT IT'S PART OF THE WAY OF LIKE IN OTHER COUNTRIES IN EUROPE, BECAUSE THE FOUNDATION AND THE SOURCE OF SUCH PROTESTS AND ALBANIA DERIVED FROM MONTHS AGO, REGARDING THE HUGE CORRUPTION SCANDALS THAT HAVE BEEN FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF ALBANIA AND LACKING OF TRANSPARENCY FROM OUR INSTITUTIONS .

>> NOW, YOU RAN FOR PARLIAMENT AS A MEMBER OF THE CURRENT PRIME MINISTER'S PARTY.

YOU HAVE SEEN THIS PARTY AND YOU YOURSELF HAVE JOINED THE PROTESTS.

WHAT TIPPED YOU OVER THE EDGE?

>> IT'S BEEN ONE YEAR BUT I AM PART OF THE POLITICAL LIFE IN ALBANIA LAST YEAR I STARTED THIS JOURNEY WITH THE SOCIALIST PARTY.

I'VE BEEN AN ACTIVIST FOR ENVIRONMENT AND PART OF PREVIOUS STUDENT PROTESTS IN ALBANIA AND MY DRIVE TO JOIN POLITICS COMES FROM THE COMMUNITY WHERE I'VE COME FROM AND THE LACK OF THE STATE ATTENTION FOR DECADES NOT ONLY FROM THIS GOVERNMENT BUT ALSO PREVIOUS ONES.

THIS IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO IMPROVE THE ACCESSIBILITY AND THE NATURE OF OUR COUNTRY, OTHER POLITICAL PLANS OR ON THE LIST FROM THE GROUP I WAS PART OF BEFORE.

WHEN THE PROTEST STARTED IN ALBANIA, I'M GEN Z, I WAS BORN IN THE 2000, I'M 25, THE SAME AGE AS MOST OF THE PROTESTERS.

THIS IS WHERE I FELT THAT I BELONGED AND THAT I COULD GIVE MY CONTRIBUTION IN A BETTER WAY, IN A MORE HONEST WAY TO THE PUBLIC SERVICE AND ON WHAT WE TOOK THE OATH AS A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT TO REPRESENT.

I SUPPORT THIS PROTEST.

THEY NEED FULL ATTENTION FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND FULL INSTITUTIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY AS WELL.

>> CATHERINE, YOU RAISE THE GLOBAL SOUTH AND HOW WHAT'S HAPPENING IN EUROPE EVEN THOUGH IT'S GEN Z, IS DIFFERENT THAN THE GEN Z LED STREET PROTEST IN INDIA, FOR INSTANCE, TALK TO ME ABOUT THAT, AND IT'S QUITE INTERESTING THE MOVEMENT, THE POLITICAL PARTY THAT IS RISING TO ACTUALLY CHALLENGE THE CURRENT TRIMESTER WHO I THINK HAS BEEN IN OFFICE FOR SOME 13 YEARS OR SO.

>> IT IS INTERESTING, AND YOU KNOW, I THINK IT'S THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF IT THAT I MENTIONED THAT IS REALLY THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE GLOBAL SOUTH.

THE GEN Z PROTEST THAT WE'VE SEEN REALLY ROLLING ACROSS VARIOUS COUNTRIES, YOU KNOW, THEY'VE DEPOSED GOVERNMENTS IN NEPAL, IN BANGLADESH, MADAGASCAR, PERU, THESE ARE SERIOUS MOVEMENTS, IN COUNTRIES .

IT'S A VERY DIFFERENT SITUATION WHEN YOU HAVE AN AVERAGE AGE IN A COUNTRY THAT IS IN THE MID-20s.

COMPARED TO EUROPE WHERE IT'S MID TO LATE 40s .

THESE YOUNG PEOPLE ARE A GROWING DEMOGRAPHIC, THEY HAVE REAL POWER WHICH IS WHY THE GOVERNMENTS ARE WORRIED ABOUT THEM AND IN INDIA IT'S INTERESTING BECAUSE, YOU KNOW, MODI IS NOT SCARED OF THE PARTY, AND IT'S BECOME VERY CLEAR THAT HE'S TRYING TO CAST THAT AS HIS ENEMY AND TRYING TO SIDELINE THESE PROTESTERS WHICH CREATED A REAL PROBLEM FOR HIM A COUPLE OF MONTHS AGO WHEN THEY FIRST TOOK TO THE STREETS REGARDING THESE ENTRANCE EXAMS.

THAT RESULTED IN A MINISTER HAVING TO RESIGN AND NOW THEY ARE BACK ON THE STREETS AFTER THE SCANDAL, MANY VOTES HAVE BEEN ELIMINATED FROM THESE ELECTORAL ROLLS.

IT'S SOMETHING THAT EXCEEDS A SPECIFIC DEMAND AS IT WAS IN THE SUMMER, IT'S NOW ABOUT DEMOCRACY, AND I THINK YOU KNOW BEING THAT DISRUPTIVE FORCE, THAT'S NOT ACTUALLY A POLITICAL PARTY BUT THAT DISRUPTIVE FORCE WITH THESE YOUNG PEOPLE WHO HAVE THE DEMOGRAPHIC EDGE OF THE OLDER PEOPLE, IS A REAL DANGER, PERHAPS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN A LONG TIME FOR MODI, AND IT'S INTERESTING THAT HE IS CASTING CONGRESS AS HIS ENEMY.

AND THE CONGRESS PARTY OF COURSE, IS INSTRUMENTAL ARISING THESE YOUNG PEOPLE AS WELL, TRYING TO CAST THEMSELVES AS THEIR SUPPORTERS, TRYING TO BENEFIT FROM THEIR SUPPORT.

>> YEAH, EXACTLY.

WHERE DO YOU THINK IT'S HEADED IN INDIA AND THAT I WANT TO KNOW WHERE YOU THINK THIS IS HEADED IN EUROPE.

BUT KATHERINE, WHERE DO YOU THINK THIS IS HEADED IN INDIA?

>> IT'S HARD TO SAY, MY COLLEAGUE HAS BEEN WRITING ABOUT HOW THE GOVERNMENT IS PLANNING THIS VERY SERIOUSLY.

THE YOUNG PEOPLE ARE BEING DETAINED.

THEY ARE ON THE BACK FOOT RIGHT NOW BECAUSE THERE'S A LOT OF REPRESSION AGAINST THEM WITH SHOWS HOW DANGEROUS THEY ARE PERCEIVED TO BE.

IT'S HARD TO KNOW WHERE THAT GOES FROM HERE BECAUSE WE'VE SEEN THESE MOVEMENTS EVOLVE AND ACTUALLY LAST ANY MONTHS AND AS I SAID IN THE PAST, YOU KNOW, IT RESULTED IN GOVERNMENTS BEING TROUBLED.

I DON'T KNOW WHERE WE ARE IN INDIA, DEPENDING ON HOW HE PLAYS HIS CARDS, IT MAY BE SOMETHING THAT RESULTED IN A COALITION POTENTIALLY THAT HELPS HIM, I MEAN, IT'S THE FIRST TIME HE HAS A GLIMPSE OF WINNING AFTER LOSING TIME AND TIME AGAIN.

BUT TO CONNECT IT BACK TO EUROPE, IT'S NOT SUPER COMPARABLE BUT THERE IS AN ANALOGY, HAVING PARENTS WHO WERE STUDENT PROTESTERS IN 1968, IN GERMANY AND ACROSS EUROPE, THERE WERE THESE YOUTH PROTESTS THEN, AND AT THAT POINT, WE HAD OUR OWN USE PUSH, YOUNG PEOPLE WERE RISING DEMOGRAPHICALLY AND THAT WAS A REAL POLITICAL FORCE THAT RESULTED IN A MASSIVE CULTURAL CHANGE IN OUR SOCIETY, IN MANY WAYS, THE ADVANTAGES OF THE OLDER GENERATION, YOUNG PEOPLE TODAY ARE DEMONSTRATING AGAINST, THAT CAME OUT OF THAT MOVEMENT.

>> IT'S REALLY FASCINATING.

I WANT TO ASK YOU AGAIN, ABOUT NOT JUST ALBANIA BUT BASICALLY THOUGH WESTERN BALKANS, A COUNTRY, IT'S SERBIA, IT'S HAPPENING ALL AROUND.

DO YOU THINK THAT IT COULD CHANGE THE GOVERNMENT, DO YOU THINK THE GOVERNMENT IS AT RISK, DO YOU THINK IT'LL AFFECT THE ELECTIONS IN SERBIA, THE GEN Z PROTESTS?

>> I DEFINITELY BELIEVE THAT THE PROTEST THAT ARE HAPPENING IN THE STREETS OF ALBANIA, IT'S ONE OF THE STRONGEST PROTESTS THAT WE HAVE, AT LEAST IN THE RECENT 20 YEARS.

NOW THE NARRATIVES HAVE CHANGED, THE SOCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES HAVE CHANGED, GEN Z IS OWNING THE INFORMATION AND OWNING THE WAY THAT THEY ARE ACTING, VERY OFTEN, IT'S CALLED OUT OF THE ATTENTION OF GEN Z AND HOW THEY ORGANIZE EACH OTHER, AND THIS IS AT THE SAME TIME QUITE INSPIRING, REGARDING THE PROTEST IN BELGRADE AND THE STUDENTS, IT'S VERY INSPIRING AS WELL.

WE ARE ALL LOOKING FORWARD INTO THE ELECTIONS BECAUSE I BELIEVE THAT IT DEFINITELY HAS AN EFFECT, ESPECIALLY IN THE NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES IN THE WESTERN BALKANS.

AS AGENCY, I STRONGLY BELIEVE THAT GEN Z IS RISING AND A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT FORM NOW AND THIS WILL NOT PASS WITHOUT SOME CONCRETE RESULTS.

AND REGARDING THE GOVERNMENT, HERE AND ALBANIA, I BELIEVE THAT IT HAS TO STEP BACK, IT HAS TO STEP BACK BECAUSE WE ARE PASSING THROUGH AN EXTRAORDINARY SITUATION IN OUR COUNTRY AND WE NEED TO TREAT IT IN THIS WAY, AND NOT TO PRETEND.

OTHERWISE IT WILL --WARS.

>> YOU MENTIONED THE FLAMINGO REVOLUTION BUT APPARENTLY IT ALL STARTED WITH THIS REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT THAT ACTUALLY IVANKA AND JARED KUSHNER WANTED TO DEVELOP.

SO BRIEFLY, I MEAN THAT IMPACT, THEIR IMPACT, IT IS BEING FELT, IS THAT GOING TO GO AHEAD, THAT REAL ESTATE DEAL, THE RESORT?

>> THERE HAVE BEEN SOME PRESSURE COMING FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION COMMISSION, IN ORDER TO CHANGE SOME LAWS AND BE MUCH MORE CAREFUL REGARDING THE ENVIRONMENT AS THIS IS A CHALLENGING CHAPTER FOR OUR COUNTRY AND REGARDING THE FRAME AND HOW IT'S EXECUTED DESPITE THE TRANSFORMING OF THE LEGAL PROTEST INTO THE STUDENT PROTEST.

FOR THE MOMENT, THERE ARE NO ONGOING PROJECTS AND THIS IS DEFINITELY ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CAUSES OF OUR COUNTRY, IN ORDER TO PROTECT THIS LAND AND NOT TO SELL ALBANIAN LAND AT ALL.

>> OKAY.

ALL RIGHT, MARJANA KOCEKU AND KATHERINE, IT'S A FASCINATING MOVEMENT THAT IS SPREADING UP.

> >> NEARLY 2 YEARS AFTER THE FALL OF THE RESUME, SYRIA IS ENTERING A NEW CHAPTER AND FOR THE MILLIONS OF REFUGEES WHO FLED DURING THE WAR, THE CHALLENGE IS NOT JUST RETURNING HOME BUT IT'S FINDING THEIR PLACE IN THE COUNTRY IT HAS BECOME, AND IT'S THE QUESTION AT THE HEART OF A NEW DOCUMENTARY, ONE IN 1 MILLION, IT CHRONICLES A GIRL'S LIFE FROM CHILDHOOD TO ADULTHOOD SHE ESCAPES ALEPPO AND RETURNS TO HER HOMELAND.

>> [ INDISCERNIBLE -LOW VOLUME ] >> IT TOOK FILMMAKERS ITAB AZZAM AND JACK MacINNES TO MAKE.

THE STORY WHICH IS ABOUT DISPLACEMENT, BELONGING AND IDENTITY.

>> CHRISTIANE, THANKS.

THANKS FOR JOINING US.

THIS IS A BEAUTIFUL FILM AND LET'S START AT THE BEGINNING HERE.

IT KIND OF STARTS IN THIS TOWN SQUARE IN TURKEY, AND IT'S THIS YOUNG GIRL SELLING CIGARETTES.

HOW DID YOU EVEN FIND HER IN THE FIRST PLACE?

WHAT STOOD OUT ABOUT HER?

>> WELL, WE WENT TO TURKEY AND 2015 , I AM SYRIAN MYSELF AND I WANTED TO MAKE A FILM ABOUT SYRIAN REFUGEES.

AND WE WENT TO TURKEY TO THIS SQUARE WHERE IT'S LIKE AHAB WHERE REFUGEES DO DEALS, BASICALLY, AND WE SPENT TWO WEEKS THERE AND WE MET OTHER FAMILIES AND OTHER REFUGEES BUT SUDDENLY, OUT OF NOWHERE, WE WERE THERE WITH THE CAMERA, THE FACE OF THIS INCREDIBLE CHILD, ISRAA, SHE LOOKED AT US AND STARTED TALKING TO US, AND YEAH, WE TALKED TO HER AND HER FAMILY AND SHE WAS SELLING CIGARETTES IN THE STREET BASICALLY TO HELP FUND THE JOURNEY TO EUROPE, AND WE CONNECTED STRAIGHTAWAY AND WE KNEW THAT WE WANTED TO MAKE A FILM ABOUT HER.

>> JACK, BY THE TIME WE GET TO THE PART IN THE FILM WHERE THEY GET ON THE BOATS, OH MY GOSH, HERE YOU ARE AS A FILMMAKER, WATCHING THESE PEOPLE, AND YOU KNOW THE FACTS, YOU KNOW THAT THESE BOATS ARE CAPSIZING, YOU KNOW THAT PEOPLE ARE DROWNING.

THERE'S A REAL LEGITIMATE POSSIBILITY THAT THE PEOPLE YOU ARE FILMING TODAY MIGHT NOT MAKE IT.

>> YEAH, IT WAS HARROWING, WHILE WE WERE IN THAT SQUARE, THE PICTURE OF CODY WHO WAS THE CHILD WHO WASHED UP ON THE TURKISH COASTLINE, DIED, AND THE FAMILY WERE AWARE OF THAT AND WE WERE AWARE OF THAT AS WE WERE FILMING.

AS YOU SAY, WE WERE IN THE MIDST OF THE SQUARE, NOT ONLY WITH THESE SMUGGLING GANGS OPERATING AND PEOPLE WERE ALSO SELLING THINGS TO REFUGEES AS LIFE AIDS, THAT IF ANYTHING WERE GOING TO BRING THEM DOWN, THAT THEY WEREN'T UP TO TASK.

IT WAS SO HARD TO GET YOUR HEAD AROUND THE DISCONNECT BETWEEN THE HORROR OF THAT AND WHAT WAS HAPPENING, AND THE FACT THAT THIS WAS ALMOST LIKE, YOU KNOW, A CENTRAL STATION WHERE PEOPLE WERE JUST GETTING TOGETHER AND WERE SO MATTER-OF-FACT ABOUT IT, TAKING THESE JOURNEYS.

AND I THINK THAT'S WHAT WE FOUND IN ISRAA , SHE WAS IN AN ENORMOUS PERIL BECAUSE SHE WAS ABOUT TO TAKE THIS JOURNEY AND SHE WAS DOING SOMETHING ILLEGAL IN THE STREET SELLING AND THE POLICE WERE BRUTALIZING THE REFUGEES WHO WERE DOING THAT, AND SHE WAS HUGELY VULNERABLE AS A SMALL CHILD IN THIS CRIMINAL UNDERWORLD THAT SHE FOUND HERSELF IN AND YET, SHE WAS SO DEFINED, SO BALL THE AND SHE WAS DOING WHAT CHILDREN DO, TREATING IT AS A GAME.

>> THEIR CELL PHONE CLIPS OF THE ACTUAL CROSSING, HOW DID THE FAMILY DESCRIBE THAT CROSSING TO YOU?

BECAUSE WE SEE A BOAT WITH WAY MORE PEOPLE THEN SHOULD BE ON IT.

>> IT'S THE STUFF OF NIGHTMARES.

IT'S A FAMILY, 16 PEOPLE AND THEY WERE FIVE YOUNG CHILDREN AMONGST THEM AND THEY ARE IN A DINGHY THAT WAS SUPPOSED TO BE FOR 12 PEOPLE AND THERE WERE ABOUT 80 PEOPLE.

THEY WERE ON THE WATER FOR THREE AND HALF HOURS.

THEY HAD NO SENSE OF WHERE THEY WERE GOING, THE SMUGGLER DROPS THEM OFF ON THE BEACH, PUTS THEM IN THIS BOAT, GIVES ONE OF THE OTHER REFUGEES A FIVE MINUTE TUTORIAL ON HOW TO DRIVE THE BOAT AND SAYS GREECE IS THAT WAY.

WE HAD NO IDEA IF THEY WERE GOING TO SURVIVE.

SO WE TOOK A $20 BOAT FROM TURKEY TO GREECE AND WAITED IN A TAURUS HOTEL TO SEE IF THESE PEOPLE WERE GOING TO DIE AND THAT IS THE ABSURDITY AND THE HORROR OF WHAT WAS GOING ON AT THAT TIME AND IT STILL GOING ON.

[ SPEAKING IN A GLOBAL LANGUAGE ] >> IT'S NOT A SPOILER TO GIVE AWAY THE FACT THAT THEY MAKE IT ACROSS BUT WHAT WAS FASCINATING WAS EARLY IN THE FILM, THIS YOUNG WOMAN TELLS YOU THAT YOU KNOW, THE HARDEST THING IS REALLY , WAR IS NOT THE HARDEST THING WE CAN GO THROUGH, IT'S REALLY WHAT COMES AFTER, WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THEY MAKE IT TO WHAT THEY THINK IS THE PROMISED LAND, EUROPE, A NEW START, THEY DON'T HAVE TO LIVE UNDER THE FEAR OF BOMBS, AND DYING ON THE STREETS, BUT WHAT COULD BE HARDER THAN THAT, AND YOUR STORY REALLY JUST STARTS TO SHOW YOU IT'S NOT THAT SIMPLE, IT'S NOT MILK AND HONEY AND THE STREETS PAVED WITH GOLD.

>> I GUESS PEOPLE THINK WHEN PEOPLE REACH SAFETY, THAT'S JUST NOT THE CASE, THE EXPERIENCE OF DISPLACEMENT IS THE HARDEST THING.

AND IT'S A LIFELONG, YOU KNOW, PROCESS TO KIND OF FIND YOUR PLACE IN THIS NEW PLACE THAT YOU ARRIVED IN AND FIND YOUR IDENTITY AND BELONGING, AND ADAPT AND INTEGRATE AND ALL OF THAT, AND ALSO LIKE, IT'S A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT CULTURE FROM THE CULTURE THAT YOU LEFT, AND ENABLE TO BELONG, YOU NEED TO GET USED TO THIS NEW TRADITION AND THE LAWS AND EVERYTHING, AND THAT'S HARD AND WE SAW IT IN THE FAMILY, HOW LIKE EACH ONE OF THEM, THAT PROCESS OF INTEGRATION KIND OF BROKE THEM IN THEIR DIFFERENT WAYS AND IT TOOK THEM A LONG TIME TO KIND OF FIND THEMSELVES, I GUESS.

>> IT'S ALMOST LIKE IT WAS SORT OF LIKE BE CAREFUL WHAT YOU WISH FOR, WHERE FREEDOM, IT MEANS A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT THING , AND SOME PARTS OF IT ARE, YOU KNOW, MAYBE NORMAL TEENAGE REBELLION HOW ANY DAUGHTER MIGHT FEEL ABOUT HER FATHER, BUT IT WAS REALLY POIGNANT BECAUSE YOU SEE THESE WOMEN DEVELOPING THEIR OWN SENSES OF SELF.

>> THE MOTHER, BACK IN SYRIA, THEY COME FROM A VERY CONSERVATIVE BACKGROUND AND SHE WAS ONLY ALLOWED TO SEE HER PARENTS HOUSE, SHE ONLY KNEW THAT STREET AND ALEPPO THAT SHE LIVED IN.

SHE WASN'T ALLOWED TO GO TO SCHOOL, SO SHE DOESN'T READ OR WRITE AND THE FIRST TWO WEEKS AFTER WE MET THEM, WE DIDN'T HEAR ANYTHING FROM HER AND SUDDENLY WE WERE CROSSING THE CROATIAN BORDER IN FREEZING CONDITIONS, MUDDY, WE WERE THERE FOR HOURS AND SHE LOOKS AT US AND SAYS, THIS IS FREEDOM, THIS IS INCREDIBLE FOR ME, AND WHEN SHE ARRIVED IN GERMANY SHE STARTED TO LEARN ABOUT WOMEN'S RIGHTS, SHE NEVER HEARD THAT TERM BEFORE AND FEMINISM, YOU LIVE IN A COUNTRY THAT PROTECTS WOMEN AND PROTECTS MOTHERS AND SUDDENLY, THAT'S WHAT SHE LOOKS FOR, FOR ALL HER LIFE, FREEDOM, THE RIGHT TO LIVE HER LIFE WITHOUT ABUSE AND TO HAVE HER CHOICES SO THAT'S WHERE SHE WENT AND IT'S A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT STORY FOR ISRAA, SHE WENT THROUGH WAR, SHE GREW UP, SHE WASN'T ALLOWED TO BE A CHILD AND SHE WENT TO THAT JOURNEY AND SHE WAS REALLY LOOKING FORWARD FOR LOVE AND BELONGING AND STABILITY AND COMMUNITY AND THAT'S WHY SHE WENT A DIFFERENT WAY.

>> JACK, THERE'S A MOMENT IN THE FILM WHERE YOU BREAK THE FOURTH WALL, AND IT'S A POIGNANT MOMENT WELL ISRAA IS CRYING AND YOU ASK HER ABOUT HER FAMILY LIFE AND WHAT'S HAPPENING AT HOME AND, YOU KNOW, HOW HARD WAS IT , YOU ARE A HUMAN BEING AND YOU ARE WATCHING THIS PERSON, YES, IT'S A DOCUMENTARY AND THEY ARE YOUR SUBJECT BUT BUT THERE'S SOME SORT OF RESPONSIBILITY THAT YOU HAVE IF SOMEONE TELLS YOU ABOUT SOMETHING REALLY TRAUMATIC AND VERY PAINFUL AND PERSONAL.

>> IT WAS HEARTBREAKING WE COULD SENSE THE TENSION IN THE FAMILY AND WE HAD BEEN SENSING THAT FOR A WHILE THAT ISRAA HAD BEEN CHAFING AT THE RESTRICTIONS THAT HER FATHER WAS PUTTING ON AND WE WERE JUST CHATTING I WAS TALKING TO HER ABOUT THAT AND SOMETHING CLICKED IN HER AND SHE JUST COULDN'T, SHE COULDN'T KEEP UP THE FACADE ANYMORE AND THAT'S WHEN SHE TOLD US THAT HER FATHER HAD BEEN BEATING HER.

AND IT WAS, IT WAS A HUGE SHOCK TO HEAR BECAUSE WE HAD INVESTED SO MUCH IN THEIR RELATIONSHIP.

WE LEFT HIM AND WE LOVED HER AND TO SEE THIS HAPPEN AND FOR THIS, YOU KNOW, IT SUDDENLY MADE SENSE, EVERYTHING SHE WAS TELLING US.

THE REASON THIS FILM WORKS WAS THAT OUR FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIP WITH HER, WE FELT LIKE A MEMBER OF HER FAMILY, REALLY, AND AND IT'S HARD TO KEEP FILMING AT THAT MOMENT BECAUSE YOU WANT TO STEP IN AND YOU GET A FLAVOR OF IT WHERE I DO STEP IN, AND I START TALKING TO HER ABOUT THE OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO HER IN TERMS OF WHO SHE CAN TALK TO ABOUT THIS AND WE ALSO TALKED TO HER MOTHER, WHO WAS ADAMANT THAT SHE WANTED TO ADDRESS IT AND DEAL WITH IT HERSELF.

>> YOU ARE LOOKING AT ONE SPECIFIC FAMILY BUT, I THINK A LOT OF MEMBERS OF THE AUDIENCE, WHETHER THEY ARE REFUGEES OR NOT, THEY START TO SEE THEMSELVES IN THESE DIFFERENT CHARACTERS, EVERYBODY HAS A MIGRATION STORY SOMEWHERE IN THEIR HISTORY AND WHEN YOU SIT WITH THAT AND YOU SAY, THIS IS REALLY A MUCH MORE UNIVERSAL STORY, YOU FIGURED OUT A WAY TO DO THIS WITH JUST ONE FAMILY AND THIS ONE PARTICULAR PATCH OF THEIR LIVES.

WHEN DID YOU FIGURE OUT, OKAY, THERE IS A NATURAL LAND TO THIS BECAUSE YOU COULD CHECK IN WITH ISRAA ANOTHER 10 YEARS FROM NOW AND SEE WHERE HER LIFE IS , RIGHT, JACK?

>> IT EVOLVED FOR US THAT WE WERE MAKING A FILM ABOUT THE SYRIAN EXPERIENCE, THE CRISIS, AND THE MORE WE GOT TO THE END OF THIS, THE MORE WE REALIZED WE WERE MAKING A FILM ABOUT SOMETHING QUITE FUNDAMENTAL WHICH IS, YOU KNOW, PARENTHOOD, CHILDHOOD, GROWING UP AND HOW THAT IS AFFECTED BY SOMETHING THAT IS THE REALITY FOR BILLIONS OF PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD, SO MANY PEOPLE LISTENING TO THIS, SO MANY PEOPLE WE HAVE TALKED TO.

THEY HAVE MIGRATION IN THEIR STORY SOMEWHERE OR HAVE HAD TO ADAPT TO A NEW CULTURE, AND ASKED THE QUESTION ABOUT FINDING THE END, WE DIDN'T FILM WITH ISRAA'S FATHER FOR A FEW YEARS BECAUSE IT HAD GOTTEN TOO TENSE AND DIFFICULT BETWEEN THEM.

AND WE DIDN'T FEEL LIKE THE FILM WAS OVER AND TELL THAT HAD BEEN ADDRESSED UNTIL WE HAD SOMEHOW SEEN HOW THE STORY BETWEEN THEM ENDED AND WE WERE OUT IN GERMANY, AND IT WAS ON THAT DAY WE WERE ON THE TRAIN FROM LONDON TO GERMANY WHEN WE STARTED TO SEE ALEPPO FALL AND WE WERE SAYING TO EACH OTHER, I THINK IS GOING TO GO THIS WEEKEND AND WE WOKE UP THE NEXT MORNING AND THE SYRIAN REGIME HAD FALLEN AND WE FILMED THE FALL OF THE REGIME, AND IT FELT LIKE YES, THIS IS WHAT THIS FILM HAS BEEN WAITING FOR, IT'S BEEN WAITING FOR THIS EXPERIENCE OF EXILE AND THEN SUDDENLY THE OPPORTUNITY OF GOING HOME AND SUDDENLY ALL OF THE THEMES WE HAD BEEN LOOKING INTO, ISRAA AND HER FATHER, WITH THEY RECONCILE AND A QUESTION HAD OPENED UP AGAIN WHICH WAS, COULD THEY GO BACK AND SUDDENLY THIS FELT LIKE THIS IS WHAT OUR FILM IS.

[ SPEAKING IN A GLOBAL LANGUAGE ] >> YEARS HAVE PASSED BUT, THE SCALE OF DEVASTATION IS SO PROFOUND AND THE RUBBLE THAT IS STILL ON THE GROUND AND PEOPLE ARE NAVIGATING THROUGH TO TRY TO START THEIR LIVES, AND WHAT WAS IMPORTANT ABOUT FOLLOWING ISRAA TO THIS PLACE AND LITERALLY KIND OF WATCHING HER AND HOW SHE'S FEELING THROUGH THIS?

>> I'M SYRIAN MYSELF , THROUGH THAT FILM, I FELT LIKE I WAS TRYING TO EXPRESS MY OWN EMOTIONS AND MY OWN, TRYING TO BELONG, YOU KNOW, AND SEEING SYRIA BE DESTROYED THROUGH THE YEARS AND BIT BY BIT, LOSING ANY HOPE OF RETURNING, IT WAS DEVASTATING FOR ME.

AND YOU KNOW, GOING BACK TO ALEPPO WITH HER AND SEEING THE DESTRUCTION THE POVERTY AND THE DEVASTATION, REALLY, IS REALLY HARD AND I MYSELF, AM STILL GOING THROUGH THIS KIND OF DISASTER BECAUSE IN THE LAST TWO YEARS, ALSO MY FAMILY, THERE WERE ATTACKS IN MY COMMUNITY AND MY FAMILY HAD TO LEAVE HOME AND BE DISPLACED AND ALL THAT, SO THE WHOLE TIME I MAKING THIS FILM I WAS IS GOING THROUGH THE SAME EMOTION IN THE SAME KIND OF LOSS AS ISRAA.

>> WE SEE THIS STRUGGLE THAT ISRAA HAS, HER NARRATIVE ARC IN HER OWN MIND OF WHO SHE IS, WHAT HER IDENTITY IS, HOW SYRIAN SHE IS, SHE WAS VERY SPECIFICALLY PROUD OF BEING FROM ALEPPO AND YOU SEE THESE TEENAGE YEARS WHERE SHE'S JUST HAPPY TO SPEAK MORE GERMAN THAN ARABIC AND SHE'S LIKE OH, I REALLY WANT TO BE FREE AND EUROPEAN, ETC.

, AND AND THEN WE TAKE A TURN IN THE FILM WHERE HER IDENTITY IS TO GO BACK TO A LITTLE BIT MORE OF A CONSERVATIVE VERSION OF LIFE.

>> I THINK PEOPLE THINK INTEGRATION IS A KIND OF STRAIGHTFORWARD SUCCESS STORY, AND IT ISN'T.

LIKE FINDING YOUR IDENTITY AND BELONGING IS A LIFETIME OF NEGOTIATIONS, REALLY, SHE ALWAYS SAID TO ME, I WANT TO BE A DOCTOR, I WANT TO BE A LAWYER AND THAT IS WHAT I HOPE FOR HER AND AT THE BEGINNING, WHEN SHE MADE DIFFERENT CHOICES FROM WHAT I WANTED HER TO MAKE, IT WAS REALLY HARD FOR ME, HONESTLY, AS A WOMAN BECAUSE I WANTED HER TO BE SOMETHING ELSE BUT THEN I REALIZED, THE MOST IMPORTANT THING FOR HER WAS SHE JUST WANTED TO BE HAPPY AND STABLE, SHE DID FIND THE LOVE OF HER LIFE AND SHE'S HAPPY.

SHE'S GOING BACK TO SCHOOL AND SHE WANTS TO WORK WITH THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT, SO SHE'S DOING LIKE THINGS IN REVERSE, BUT, YOU KNOW, THAT'S HER CHOICES.

>> JACK, I DON'T KNOW IF ISRAA HAS WATCHED THE FILM, IF SO, WHAT DOES SHE THINK ABOUT IT, WHAT HAS SHE COMMUNICATED TO THE TWO OF YOU?

>> WHEN WE PREMIERED AT SUNDANCE EARLIER THIS YEAR AND SHE CAME WITH US, WE SAT NEXT TO HER WATCHING IT, AND SHE WAS IN TEARS THROUGHOUT BUT THEY WERE SORT OF TEARS OF NOSTALGIA, BITTERSWEET TEARS, AND THINGS MADE HER LAUGH, WHEN YOU WATCH YOURSELF YOUNGER ANYTHING OH MY GOD, LOOK AT THAT HAIR , I CAN'T BELIEVE YOU HAD THAT SURE, ALL OF THAT STUFF WAS HAPPENING TO HER AS WELL.

AND IT WAS SO NORMAL AND IDENTIFIABLE AND I THINK SHE'S REALLY PROUD OF IT AND I THINK SHE WOULD SAY THAT IS NASH McGINNIS HELPED HER MAKE SENSE OF HER JOURNEY AND IT'S IMPORTANT TO HER, TO SHOW THE WORLD THAT YOU KNOW, MUSLIM WOMEN CAN BE STRONG, MULTIFACETED, THE VALUE OF HER FAITH, THE VALUE OF HERSELF AND SHE SAYS SHE SEES THE VALUE IN THAT.

>> ITAB AZZAM AND JACK MacINNES, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

> >> WHAT A STORY.

FINALLY, KUDOS TO AN AUSTRALIAN COLLEAGUE, THIS IS THE MOMENT A TV REPORTER HELPED RESCUE A MAN TRAPPED IN A SINKING CARD TODAY, JUST MINUTES BEFORE IT WAS TOTALLY SUBMERGED.

ABCS, WILL MARY, WAS REPORTING ON FLOODS IN THE CITY OF BRISBANE, WHEN HE SAW THE CAR STALL IN THE WATER, HIS CAMERA WOMAN WHO CAPTURE THE WHOLE INCIDENT THAT, THERE WAS NO DOUBT MURRAY AND UP BY STANDARD HAD SAVED HER LIFE AND WHO KNOWS, PERHAPS IT WILL EVEN HELP RESTORE SOME TRUST IN JOURNALISTS.

THAT'S IT FOR OUR PROGRAM TONIGHT, IF YOU WANT TO KNOW IT'S COMING UP EVERY NIGHT, SIGN UP FOR OUR NEWSLETTER AT PBS.

ORG/AMANPOUR.

THANKS FOR WATCHING, AND GOODBYE FROM LONDON.